Necrosis means the death of tissue, which can happen if periodontitis is left untreated. Necrotizing periodontal disease is a term used to describe a rare infection that can affect eh mouth leading to ulceration with necrosis. Periodontal disease starts by untreated plaque and tarter left in the gums or teeth. What is Necrotizing Periodontal Disease?
There are three major forms of necrotizing periodontal disease. Necrotizing gingivitis affects only the gums, and necrotizing periodontitis affects the specialized tissue that surrounds and attaches to the teeth. The third form is necrotizing stomatitis, which is when extensive mucosal and bone loss occurs beyond the gums and tissues supporting the teeth. Ultimately, necrotic gums are those that are dying. Necrotizing periodontal disease involves a mixture of many different microorganisms that are found in the normal oral cavity including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Who Gets Necrotizing Periodontal Disease
Aside from periodontal disease leading to necrosis, there are other factors that may make necrotic gums more likely. Immunodeficiencies can make necrosis more likely including HIV, leukemia, neutropenia/agranulocytosis, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppressant medications. Malnutrition, psychological and physical stress, smoking, and genetic predispositions may lead to a higher risk of necrosis. The symptoms of necrotizing gingivitis may include constant pain or discomfort, or frequent bleeding and that may occur spontaneously. Less commonly, necrotizing gingivitis is associated with a low-grade fever or frequent bad breath. Necrotizing periodontitis is associated with other signs and symptoms including more severe discomfort, bleeding, bad breath, bone loss, pseudo membrane formation, lymph gland enlargement, and low-grade fever.
Getting regular oral care is important in recognizing any signs or symptoms that there is risk for necrosis. If you have questions about necrosis or the symptoms associated, please call our office and our periodontists will be happy to assist you.
